Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2022 Population

120,956

1.31% 1-year growth

US Senator

Mike Crapo

Republican Party

US Senator

Jim Risch

Republican Party

2022 Median Age

36.2

0.277% 1-year increase

2022 Poverty Rate

12.2%

15.2% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$65,575

14.7% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$254,100

17.3% 1-year growth

About

In 2022, Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID had a population of 121k people with a median age of 36.2 and a median household income of $65,575. Between 2021 and 2022 the population of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID grew from 119,388 to 120,956, a 1.31% increase and its median household income grew from $57,167 to $65,575, a 14.7% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are White (Non-Hispanic) (65.7%), White (Hispanic) (11.7%), Two+ (Hispanic) (8.11%), Other (Hispanic) (7.75%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (3.24%).

24.1% of the households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

91.1% of the residents in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are Cosmetology School of Arts & Sciences (445780) (38 degrees awarded in 2022) and Academy di Firenze (10 degrees).

In 2022, the median property value in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was $254,100, and the homeownership rate was 70.6%.

Most people in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 20.1 minutes. The average car ownership in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was 2 cars per household.

Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID borders Central Idaho--Lewiston City & Nez Perce Reservation PUMA, ID, Canyon (South) & Owyhee Counties--Caldwell & Nampa (South & West) Cities PUMA, ID, Ada County (South)--Boise (South) & Kuna Cities PUMA, ID, Twin Falls & Cassia Counties--Twin Falls City PUMA, ID, Bingham (Outside Fort Hall AIR), Madison, Jefferson, Fremont & Teton Counties PUMA, ID, and Southeast Idaho--Pocatello, Chubbuck Cities & Fort Hall Reservation PUMA, ID.

United States Idaho

Population & Diversity

Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID is home to a population of 121k people, from which 91.1% are citizens. As of 2022, 13.5% of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID residents were born outside of the country (16.3k people).

In 2022, there were 5.6 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (79.4k people) in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID than any other race or ethnicity. There were 14.2k White (Hispanic) and 9.81k Two+ (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are Spanish (25,021 households), German (377 households), and Russian (339 households).

Citizenship

91.1%

2022 Citizenship

90.3%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 91.1% of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was 90.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID

White (Non-Hispanic)
79.4k ± 612
White (Hispanic)
14.2k ± 1.3k
Two+ (Hispanic)
9.81k ± 1.18k

28.3%

Hispanic Population

34.3k people

28.3% of the people in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are hispanic (34.3k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID as a share of the total population.

Foreign-Born Population

13.5%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

16.3k people

14.1%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

16.9k people

As of 2022, 13.5% of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID residents (16.3k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was 14.1%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
25,021 households (22.1%)
German
377 households (0.333%)
Russian
339 households (0.3%)

24.1% of the households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was Spanish. 22.1% of the households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Gulf War (2001-)
2,513 ± 375
Vietnam
2,377 ± 318
Gulf War (1990s)
1,324 ± 270

Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID has a large population of military personnel who served in Gulf War (2001-), 1.06 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID employs 54k people. The largest industries in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are Construction (5,689 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,628 people), and Animal production & aquaculture (2,922 people), and the highest paying industries are Pharmaceutical & medicine manufacturing ($162,012), Couriers & messengers ($137,471), and Legal services ($137,148).

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

21,439

Women

42%

29,608

Men

58%

The workforce of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID in 2020 was 51,047 people, with 42% woman, and 58% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

54k

2022 Value

3.31%

1 Year growth

± 3.31%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID grew at a rate of 3.31%, from 52.3k employees to 54k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID, are Miscellaneous agricultural workers, including animal breeders (3,029 people), Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (1,989 people), and Other managers (1,469 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Idaho (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

54k

2022 Value

3.31%

1 Year growth

± 3.31%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID grew at a rate of 3.31%, from 52.3k employees to 54k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID, are Construction (5,689 people), Elementary & secondary schools (3,628 people), and Animal production & aquaculture (2,922 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID, though some of these residents may live in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$43,637

Median earning men ± $2,341

$28,473

Median earning women ± $1,031

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Information ($69,554), Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($60,417), and Wholesale Trade ($58,788).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Public Administration ($43,889), Information ($38,250), and Manufacturing ($34,634).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Idaho.

Y-Axis

3.01%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 836k people employed in Idaho. This represents a 3.01% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 8.06%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Idaho.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Idaho went to Donald J. Trump with 63.8% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (33.1%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.89%).

Mike Crapo and Jim Risch are the senators currently representing the state of Idaho. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Idaho is currently represented by 2 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID. Showing the available data for Idaho.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (63.8%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (33.1%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.89%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Idaho went to Donald J. Trump with 63.8% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (33.1%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.89%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Idaho for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Idaho

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Idaho.

Mike Crapo

Senator from Idaho

Assumed office on January 3, 1999

Jim Risch

Senator from Idaho

Assumed office on January 3, 2009

Mike Crapo and Jim Risch are the senators currently representing Idaho.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Idaho over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Idaho

Idaho is currently represented by 2 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Idaho have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID awarded 48 degrees. The student population of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 5 male students and 28 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are White (28 and 59.6%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (18 and 38.3%), Asian (1 and 2.13%), and Black or African American (0 and 0%).

The largest universities in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID by number of degrees awarded are Cosmetology School of Arts & Sciences (445780) (38 and 79.2%) and Academy di Firenze (10 and 20.8%).

The most popular majors in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID are General Cosmetology (21 and 43.8%), Barbering (10 and 20.8%), and Nail Specialist & Manicurist (9 and 18.8%).

Completions

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 1.76% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 1.41% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (27.1k), Some college (21.5k), and Secondary Education (17.1k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was $254,100 in 2022, which is 0.901 times smaller than the national average of $281,900. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $216,700 to $254,100, a 17.3% increase. The homeownership rate in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID is 70.6%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.8%.

People in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID have an average commute time of 20.1 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID is $65,575. In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was Ada County (Central)--Meridian (Northeast) & Boise (Far West) Cities PUMA, ID with a value of $86,197, followed by Canyon (East) & Ada (West) Counties--Nampa (Central & East) & Meridian (West) Cities PUMA, ID and Ada County (South)--Boise (South) & Kuna Cities PUMA, ID, with respective values of $79,282 and $79,222.

Property

$254,100

Median Property Value 2022

±$9,170

$30,517

Median Property Taxes

±$1,323

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

70.6%

Homeownership

2022

71%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 70.6% of the housing units in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 69.5%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was Ada County (Central)--Meridian (Northeast) & Boise (Far West) Cities PUMA, ID with a value of $86,197, followed by Canyon (East) & Ada (West) Counties--Nampa (Central & East) & Meridian (West) Cities PUMA, ID and Ada County (South)--Boise (South) & Kuna Cities PUMA, ID, with respective values of $79,282 and $79,222.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$65,575

Median Household Income

± $2,652

43.2k

Number of Households

± 1,585

In 2022, the median household income of the 43.2k households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID grew to $65,575 from the previous year's value of $57,167.

The following chart displays the households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.42

2022 Wage GINI in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID

0.417

2021 Wage GINI in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID

In 2022, the income inequality in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was 0.42 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.718% growth from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (78.4%)
Carpooled (9.68%)
Worked At Home (7.01%)

In 2022, 78.4% of workers in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.68%) and those who worked at home (7.01%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

20.1 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID have a shorter commute time (20.1 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.7 minutes). Additionally, 1.68% of the workforce in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

12.2% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID (14.5k out of 119k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 6 - 11 and then Males 6 - 11.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

85.7% of the population of Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID has health coverage, with 35.5% on employee plans, 17.3% on Medicaid, 12.4% on Medicare, 15.8% on non-group plans, and 4.77% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Idaho see 1559 patients per year on average, which represents a 2.77% increase from the previous year (1517 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1532 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 421 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Idaho.

1,559 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Idaho

Primary care physicians in Idaho see an average of 1,559 patients per year. This represents a 2.77% increase from the previous year (1,517 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Idaho in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 28.2% under 18 years, 19.4% between 18 and 34 years, 36.4% between 35 and 64 years, and 16% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 50.6% were men and 49.4% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

14.3%

Uninsured

35.5%

Employer Coverage

17.3%

Medicaid

12.4%

Medicare

15.8%

Non-Group

4.77%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID declined by 8.25% from 15.6% to 14.3%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Elmore, Jerome, Blaine, Minidoka, Gooding, Lincoln & Camas Counties PUMA, ID changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.